Friday, December 2, 2011

Rules & Regulations

All design, work performed, materials and equipment supplied and installed will conform to the standards, regulations and bye-laws of the authorities having jurisdiction over the mechanical and electrical installations:-

(a) Energy Commission (Suruhanjaya Tenaga)
(b) Local Supply Authority (Tenaga Nasional Berhad & Telekom Malaysia))
(c) Fire Services and Rescue Department (Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia)
(d) Department of Occupational Safety and Health (Jabatan Kesihatan dan Keselamatan Pekerja Malaysia)
(e) Department of Environment (Jabatan Alam Sekitar)
(f) Department of Civil Aviation of Malaysia (Jabatan Penerbangan Awam)
(g) Uniform Building By Law
(h) Chartered Institution of Building Services (CIBS)
(i) Illuminating Engineering Society (IES)
(j) Jabatan Telekomunikasi dan Multimedia Malaysia (JTM)
(k) Telekom Malaysia (TM)
(l) All other relevant authorities having jurisdiction over the scope of work concerned.

The following standards will generally be applicable to the design of the electrical systems. Where there is a discrepancy in the standards or requirements between two documents or between a document and the specific requirements of the local authorities having jurisdiction, the more stringent standard or requirement will be applicable.

(a) IEE Wiring Regulations (16th. Edition)
(b) Malaysia Electricity Supply Acts 447 (1990)
(c) Malaysia Electricity Regulations 1994
(d) Malaysian and British Standards (MS and BS)
(e) Malaysian and British Standard Codes of Practice (CPs)

Wednesday, November 2, 2011

Example of Scope of Works for Electrical Services

Below are the examples of Scope of Works for Electrical Services

a) Medium Voltage Distribution System
b) Low Voltage Distribution System
c) Standby Generator Set
d) Earthing System
e) Lightning Protection Installation
f) Light & Power Installation
g) Telephone System
h) Information Technology (ICT)
i) SMATV System
j) PA System
k) Security (CCTV System / IP Camera and Card Access System)
l) Parking System
m) Sound Reinforcement System
n) SMS System
o) External Lighting Installation
p) SMATV System

Friday, October 21, 2011

CALCULATION FOR EARTHING CABLE OF TRANSFORMER


Earth Fault Current = Rated Current / Impedence
where Rated Current = Rated KVA / (Rated KV x 1.732)


Example : 1600KVA TX , 11/0.433KV, Impedence : 6


--> Earth Fault Current = [1600KVA / (0.433 x 1.732] / 6
= 355.57A



Note :
To refer to catalogue to choose which size of cable that can carry 355.57A

Tuesday, September 6, 2011

Study Report 1 : Upgrading of Electrical Supply

1. Introduction:

To check the effect of load increase due to the new equipment to be installed in the factory


2. Reference Document:

a. as built drawings

b. latest electrical bill

c. on-hands information by the client's representative


3. Current installation:

a. Single chamber sub-station with 1000KVA Transformer

b. Current size of ACB is 1000A TPN with 1600A Busbar

c. Current MD is 600A


4. New Installation:

a. New equipment (MD = 720A)

b. New a/c load (MD = 86A)


5. Maximum Demand Load Analysis:

a. Future MD (A) = Current MD + New MD

= 600A + 720A + 86A

= 1406A

b. Future MD (KW) = 860KW

c. Future MD (KVA) = 1012KVA


6. Conclusion:

a. New load cannot be catered by existing TNB sub-station

b. Application on new load / increasing of the current load need to be submitted to TNB

c. New MSB need to be installed to cater for future load / to upgrade the existing MSB (1000A TPN ACB to 1600A TPN ACB)


Monday, August 22, 2011

Forms of Assemblies - FORM 4 (Part 4)

Note:
The above Form Code have been tabulated based on IEC 439-1, Part 1, Clause 7.7 - FORUM


Friday, July 15, 2011

Forms of Assemblies - FORM 3 (Part 3)

Note:
The above Form Code have been tabulated based on the IEC 439-1 Part1, Clause 7.7 - FORUM


Thursday, June 30, 2011

Forms of Assemblies - FORM 1 & 2 (Part 2)

Note :

The above Form Code have been tabulated based on the IEC 439-Part 1, Clause 7.7 - FORUM

Sunday, May 1, 2011

Forms of Assemblies (Part 1)

According to IEC 439-1, Clause 7.7 Forms of Assemblies can be obtained by means of partitions or barriers (metallic or non-metallic) into separate compartments or barriered sub-section.



Why is Forms of Assemblies is very important?


1. to enable a functional unit to remains in service - to reduce the risk of making accidential contact with the live part or adjacent units of busbars


2. to reduce the risk of loose part, tools, or even debris falling into or otherwise passing into an adjacent compartment


3. to limit the probability that ionised gas created by the operation of a short-circuit protective device, could cause flash over accross adjacent equipments or busbars


4. protection against contact with live parts belonging to the adjacent functional units



Note :

The above are a summarisation of Form Code IEC 439-Part 1, Clause 7.7 - FORUM

Saturday, April 16, 2011

VCB Mechanical Operation Checks - FAT

During FAT, there will be a Mechanical Operation Check to be done to ensure the mechanical operation and interlocking for the followings are in order :


1. VCB

a. the breaker can be racked in and out smoothly

b. when in the Connected Position : earth switch cannot be closed, control plug cannot be removed, when VCB closed - breaker cannot rack out, when VCB opened - breaker can rack out, VCB door cannot be opened

c. when in Intermediate Position : VCB cannot be closed and control plug cannot be removed

d. when in Disconnected Position : VCB door can be opened, earth switch can be closed and control plug can be removed


Note :

VCB cannot be connected when the VCB is closed, there is no control plug inserted, earth switch is closed and the door is opened.



2. EARTH SWITCH

a. it can be opened and closed smoothly

b. minimal rebounce on the blade

c. the padlock facility is provided

d. there is mechanical / electrcal interlock


3. SAFETY SHUTTER

a. smoothly open and close

b. the padlock facility is provided

c. latching facility provided

d. self-cancellation for latching facility in working condition


4. PT SHUTTER

a. smooth opening and closing

b. padlock facility provided


5. KEY INTERLOCKS

a. the key is released when breaker in disconnected position

b. VCB cannot rack in unless key is inserted


~ the above notes have been taken during my FAT at one of the well-known manufacturer of VCB in Malaysia

Sunday, March 27, 2011

Papan Suis - Lukisan Syop.. (Bahagian 2)

Setelah semua perkara-perkara yang telah disenaraikan dalam entri sebelumnya selesai, berikut adalah perkara-perkara yang perlu disemak dalam Lukisan Syop yang dikemukakan oleh kontraktor sebelum lukisan tersebut diluluskan oleh perunding :




1. Ketebalan papan suis (2.5mm / 2.0mm atau 1.5mm, dsb.)


2. Kelas perlindungan bagi protection CT (5P10, 10P10, 5P20, dsb.)


3. Kelas bagi measuring CT (Class 1, Class 2, Clas 3,dsb.)


4. Ketebalan bus bar (dengan mengambil kira aliran Arus/sqmm)


5. Sistem pembumian


6. Jenis relay yang dipakai dan kesesuaian (ELR, OC, EF, OCEF, dsb.)


7. Saiz dan KA Rating bagi ACB, MCCB, MCB, dsb.


8. Ventilation bagi papan suis


9. dan perkara-perkara lain yang telah dispesifikasikan oleh konsultan dalam dokumen tender / kontrak




Tuesday, February 15, 2011

Papan Suis - Lukisan Syop.. (Bahagian 1)

Selalunya Jurutera baru akan tertanya-tanya apa yang perlu disemak kalau dapat lukisan syop dari pengeluar papan suis....

Berikut adalah langkah-langkah yang perlu diambil sebelum semak lukisan tersebut :


1. Pastikan pengeluar papan suis tersebut adalah pengeluar yang diluluskan. Sebelum proses meluluskan pengeluar tersebut, Jurutera perlu menyemak dokumen yang berkaitan (sijil ST, ASTA, JKR, dsb. - ikut spesifikasi yang telah jurutera tetapkan dalam spesifikasi tender / kontrak

2. Lukisan yang diterima adalah lukisan yang dikeluarkan oleh pengeluar papan suis - bukan lukisan yang di copy paste dari lukisan asal perunding



3. Lukisan yang diterima sekurang-kurangnya bersaiz A3 dan dalam bentuk 4 line diagram - mudah untuk disemak



4. Title Block (TB) perlu lengkap : ada nama projek, nama klien, nama kontraktor dan paling penting nama konsultan


5. Saiz Papan Suis - kena pastikan papan suis tersebut muat dimasukkan dalam bilik suis dengan ruang yang cukup untuk kerja-kerja penyelenggaraan dan operasi


6. Senarai bahan yang dicadangkan l/d jenama, origin dan model no. - perlu hantar katalog bahan beserta sijil kelulusan dari pihak-pihak berkuasa (ST, JKR, TNB, dsb.) untuk kelulusan perunding





Tuesday, January 11, 2011

Conflict of Interest??


Terjumpa Email ni dalam inbox. Email ni ditulis pada 21hb. Oktober 2006. So nak share dengan semua this info. Moga beri manfaat kepada semua.

Untuk makluman, IR. Ahmad Fuaad Kassim telah kembali ke rahmatullah pada 11hb. Januari 2009. Al- Fatihah



Assalamualaikum,

Yg. Berusaha Tn. Hj. Ir. Ashari,
Saya ingin mendapatkan pandangan Lembaga Jurutera Malaysia mengenai amalan yang berlaku di tapak bina bagi sesuatu projek kerajaan/swasta di negara ini.

KES 1
Bagi projek Design and Built , seorang Jurutera Profesional merekabentuk sesuatu pepasangan bagi pihak kontraktor, mengawasi projek tersebut hingga siap dan mengesahkan (endorsement) pepasangan tersebut dipasang mengikut rekebentuk yang beliau sendiri lakukan.

KES 2
Bagi satu projek konvensional, seorang Jurutera Profesional merekabentuk satu projek voltan tinggi dan dilaksanakan oleh seorang kontraktor yang dilantik melalui tender.Selepas pepasangan siap, pepasangan tersebut diuji oleh Jurutera Perkhidmatan yang juga Jurutera Profesional yang merekabentuk pepasangan tadi. Selepas ujian selesai, Jurutera Perkhidmatan/Jurutera Profesional tadi mengesahkan pepasangan adalah selamat untuk diberikan bekalan.

SOALAN
Adakah wujud Conflict of Interest bagi kedua-dua atau salah satu dari kes di atas ?


Saya berpendapat, tidak terdapat Conflict of Interest bagi kedua-dua kes di atas kerana :

Bagi KES 1, Jurutera Profesional memainkan peranan sebagai Designer dan Kontraktor dan dia bertanggungjawab sepenuhnya ke atas rekabentuk yang dibuat, dipasang, diuji dan ditauliahkan untuk digunakan oleh klien.
Peranan Jurutera Profesional : merekebentuk, memasang dan mengesahkan.
Sekiranya ia mempunyai Sijil Kompetensi, dia juga akan menguji dan mentauliah pepasangan tesrebut.

Bagi KES 2, Jurutera Profesional yang sama memainkan dua peranan yang berbeza di mana peranan sebagai Jurutera Perkhidmatan (yang menguji pepasangan tersebut menggunakan peraturan sedia ada) dan Jurutera Profesional (perekabentuk). Bagi kes 2 ini, klien akan mendapat faedah yang lebih besar kerana sekiranyanya pepasangan tersebut gagal dalam ujian, tidak mungkin Jurutera Perkhidmatan tadi sanggup untuk mengesahkannya pepasangan tersebut.
Peranan sebagai Jurutera Profesional : Merekabentuk
Peranan sebagai Jurutera Perkhidmatan : Menguji dan Mentauliah

Mohon pandangan LJM berdasarkan Code of Ethics atau Amalan Kejuruteraan semasa.

Sekian, terima kasih. Wassalam.

IR. AHMAD FUAAD KASSIM
No : 6437



--- > jawapan dari LJM telah diperolehi. Walau bagaimanapun, tak terdapat dalam simpanan saya. Seingat saya jawapan LJM lebih kurang sama dengan pendapat arwah. Allahualam...